Why Are My Teeth Sensitive All of a Sudden?

A person holding a glass of ice water while touching their cheek in discomfort due to tooth sensitivity

One minute, you’re savouring your favourite ice cream flavour; the next, a sharp jolt of pain hits your teeth. Sudden tooth sensitivity can make everyday activities uncomfortable, but what causes it?

Sensitivity often results from worn enamel, receding gums, or other dental issues that expose the inner layers of your teeth. Whether it’s triggered by hot coffee, cold drinks, or even brushing, understanding the cause is key to finding relief.

What Causes Tooth Sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity often feels like a sudden, sharp twinge or discomfort in your mouth, and is usually brought on by the underlying tissues of your teeth—dentin—becoming exposed. Enamel wear and tear, gum recession, and general decay can contribute to sensitivity. It can range from mild to intense and usually lasts a few moments, triggered when you eat or drink something hot, cold, sweet, or acidic.

Worn Enamel

Enamel is the protective outer layer of your teeth and the hardest substance in the human body. However, it isn’t indestructible. Over time, factors like aggressive brushing, grinding your teeth, or consuming acidic foods and drinks can wear down enamel, exposing the dentin underneath. Dentin contains tiny tubules that lead directly to the nerves. If dentin is exposed, it can result in sensitivity and discomfort.

While enamel cannot be made again, it can be strengthened and repaired. Remineralization—a process where vital minerals, like calcium, bond to your teeth to fill in weakened areas of enamel—can help repair and reduce tooth decay.

Prevention is the only way to effectively manage worn enamel. You can protect your enamel by:

Regular dental cleanings. Dentists can remove bacteria accumulation and treat any underlying conditions that add to enamel loss.
Soft-bristled toothbrushes. Gentle brushing can help prevent further enamel stripping caused by vigorous or excessive force.
Flossing regularly. Remove enamel-eating bacteria by flossing daily.
Using fluoride toothpaste or rinses.Fluoride can aid in the remineralization process. Be sure to look for the seal of approval from dentists on any fluoride product.
Consuming acidic drinks through a straw. Using a straw can help minimize contact with your enamel.
Staying hydrated. Drinking water throughout the day helps wash away acids, bacteria, and debris, reducing your chances of enamel erosion.

Gum Recession

Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue pulls back from the teeth, exposing the roots. Unlike the crown of your tooth, roots aren’t protected by enamel, making them highly sensitive to temperature changes and certain foods. Gum recession can result from:

Gum Disease: Plaque buildup can lead to inflammation and eventual gum recession.
Aggressive Brushing: Too much pressure while brushing can wear down gum tissue.
Grinding or clenching teeth: Putting too much force on your teeth can cause your gums to recede.

If you suspect gum recession is causing your sensitivity, schedule a dental exam to explore treatment options.

Tooth Decay

Cavities are a common source of tooth sensitivity. When bacteria feed on sugars in your mouth, they produce acids that erode enamel and create holes in your teeth. As decay progresses, it can reach the tooth pulp—where nerves and blood vessels reside—causing inflammation and discomfort.

You can prevent tooth decay by maintaining good hygiene and attending regular dentist visits.

Cracked Teeth

A cracked tooth can expose the inner layers of your teeth, making them more susceptible to sensitivity and discomfort. Cracks can result from biting down on hard objects, grinding your teeth, or trauma to the mouth. Even minor cracks can allow bacteria to enter, potentially leading to infections.

Treatment for cracked teeth may involve fillings, crowns, or root canals. It is best to receive prompt care for damaged or injured teeth to avoid infection and decay.

A smiling dental patient in a consultation with a dentist holding a dental mirror

How to Minimize Your Tooth Sensitivity

Taking proactive steps can help reduce sensitivity and prevent it from worsening. You can:

Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brushing and flossing twice daily can help remove plaque and bacteria. Flouride toothpaste can provide additional benefits.
Avoid Acidic Foods and Drinks: Limit your consumption of citrus fruits, sodas, and other acidic items that can erode enamel.
Wear a Mouthguard: If you grind your teeth at night, a custom mouthguard could help protect your teeth.
Use Desensitizing Toothpaste: Specialized toothpaste can block nerve signals and reduce discomfort.

When to See a Dentist

Sometimes, home care isn’t enough to alleviate sensitivity. Your dentist can work with you to address the root cause of your sensitivity and develop a treatment plan. Possible treatments could include:

Fluoride Treatments: Fluoride strengthens enamel and helps reduce sensitivity. These treatments are quick and noninvasive.
Dental Bonding: Applying a protective resin to exposed dentin or roots can shield them from sensitivity triggers.
Gum Grafting: For severe gum recession, grafting procedures can restore lost gum tissue and protect exposed roots.

Persistent or severe discomfort warrants professional attention. Sensitivity may indicate an underlying issue, such as a cavity or gum disease, that requires treatment. If your sensitivity is severe, seek emergency dental care for immediate treatment.

Restoring Comfort & Confidence

At Chinook Village Dental, we believe no one should live with the discomfort of sensitive teeth. Our comprehensive approach combines preventive care, innovative treatments, and personalized advice to effectively address your dental concerns.

If tooth sensitivity affects your quality of life, don’t wait to seek help. Visit us or schedule an appointment and take the first step toward a healthier, more comfortable smile.